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Firstly you must realise that in Unix there are basically only two concepts - files and directories. Most things you would consider to be something other than these two concepts in a Windows environment are probably files in Unix. Clearly you have your standard files and directories, but in addition disks are also files (rather than Window's 'volumes'), and devices are files ( like the screen, the printer, a modem, and the network). This actually makes for a very intuitive environment where if you can do something to a file, you can do it to just about anything. The fundamental difference between windows and Unix is that in windows the character used to separate directories is '\' (such as c:\windows\tmp.txt) but in Unix is it '/' (such as /tmp/tmp.txt). Other than that most operations are pretty consistent.
By using Unix commands and applications, you can create and manage files containing a variety of data. These commands allow you to move around the system's file tree to create, copy, rename, move, and delete etc.. The commands that we will use ion this section are listed below and must be used in lower case. This is because Unix is case sensitive. In fact all commands are in lower case, and no commands have ever been created which use upper case characters.
| ls | LiSt a file or directory |
| cat | display the contents of a text file (conCATinate) |
| cal | display a month-long CALendar |
| date | display the current DATE |
| pwd | print the Pathname for the current Working Directory |
| more | display a text file one screen full at a time |
| cd | Change working Directory |
| mkdir | MaKe a DIRectory |
| cp | CoPy a file |
| mv | MoVe or rename a file |
| rm | ReMove a file or a directory |
| rmdir | ReMove an empty DIRectory |
| man | display MANual pages on a command |
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