Gentle Revision

To access Kali you need to start the image (remember this is Kali 2020-4 and not some other version or a different operating system). You then need to log into the image remotely using a variety of methods. You should try to use ssh, plus the graphical interface VNC. You need to allow java applets, and have ssh installed (e.g. putty.exe).

On some highly secured networks, you may not be able to use java or ssh, but give all of the methods a go and try to get both a command prompt "terminal" interface and VNC working.

The username is "root" and the password is "kali".
The terminal is started within the graphical interface by clicking on the terminal application in the main menu.

The "cd" command changes your current directory. On its own it changes it to your HOME directory, otherwise you need to specify a parameter which either is an absolute directory (such as cd /home) or a relative directory (such as cd dir1 which takes you to dir1 in your current working directory).

Type

cd
pwd

What is your current working directory? :

Make three directories in your HOME directory. Name these directories "magic", "happy", and "sad".

Change your working directory into "magic". Create two more directories in this directory called "dir1" and "dir2". If you create them in the wrong place delete them using "rmdir".

Change directory into dir2.

What is your current working directory? :

Change your current working directory to /root. You can either "cd /root" or "cd ..", as ".." means the directory above the current directory in your directory tree. Check with pwd to make sure you are in the right directory. Then try to delete the data directory using "rmdir magic". What message to you get back?

Use the more powerful and dangerous command

rm -rf magic

The "ls" command on its own shows you the contents of the current working directory. However it can also take a number of useful parameters.

Filenames which begin with a "." character do not usually appear when you use "ls". These are called "hidden" files, and they are used for things like application configuration and some GUI state information. They are rarely needed so this is the reason they are hidden from normal "ls".

Use the option "-a" to see the hidden files. View the hidden files in your HOME directory (i.e. /root). The file list starts with "." (which is a directory that you can use to describe the current directory in commands) and ".." (which describes the directory above this one in the tree).

What is the third file or directory (in alphabetical order) which appears when you use "-a" in your HOME directory. You should consider "." as the first file and ".." as the second file. :

Use the "-l" option to see a long listing of a file. Get a long listing of "/etc/group" and identify its size in bytes. :

Use the "-F" option to see identification information about files. The "type" appears as a single character at the end of each filename. Use this option and identify the type of /vmlinuz :

Use the "man" command to see the man page for "ls", i.e. "man ls". Use the cursor keys to move around, and find the option which makes ls give its output in human readable form for sizes. Use that in combination with the "-l" option to get the human readable size of "/bin/ls". Include the units, so if in human readable form the size is "10M" type "10M" (case sensitive). :

Demonstrate your understanding of relative, absolute, and the use of ".." and "/" and "." in the "cd" command by answering these questions. Try to answer them in your own head, and use the command line only if you are confused. Remember paths beginning with "/" are relative to the top level directory, whereas others are relative to the current directory. ".." takes you up a directory, and things can be seperated with "/" such as "../.." taking you up 2 directories. "." indicates the current directory, and is really only useful where you really need to specify a parameter but you mean to say the current directory. Always supply the SHORTEST solution, remember the answers are CASE SENSITIVE, and if you type spaces in an answerbox where no space should be entered then it will be marked incorrectly.

Do not type the command in unless really stuck. Do these in your head!

Consider these commands:

cd /usr/share/doc
cd ..
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd /usr/share
cd vim
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd /usr
cd lib
cd xorg
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd
cd ../.. 
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd
cd ../home
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd /usr/share
cd vim/../../lib/xorg
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd /usr/share
cd /etc/vim
cd ..
pwd

Consider these commands:

cd 
cd ../../usr/share/doc
pwd

Consider these commands and fill in the blank:

cd
cd ../
pwd

Consider these commands and fill in the blank:

cd /usr/share/doc
cd /
cd nfs
pwd

Consider these commands and fill in the correct blank using a RELATIVE pathname. It should be the SHORTEST possible solution.

cd /usr/share/python
cd 
pwd

Consider these commands and fill in the correct blank using a RELATIVE pathname. It should be the SHORTEST possible solution.

cd /usr/share/perl
cd 
pwd

Consider these commands and fill in the correct blank using a RELATIVE pathname. It should be the SHORTEST possible solution.

cd /etc
cd 
pwd

Use nano to create a file /root/edit1. Cut and paste the following text into edit1 and save the file. Remember you cannot easily cut and paste to a vnc terminal, so use ssh. Do not insert additional lines (even blank lines) or extra space characters.

asdaslkalsdklnnnne lazy dog quick frog
6f2d9937604b8422abc7493a7ff0c884 /etc/host.conf
This is an exercise!
Up, down,
left, right,
build your terminal's
muscles bit by bit

In all the editor questions you must WRITE the file in order to pass the question.

Delete the word "an" from line 3, plus one of the spaces. The line left should read "This is exercise!".

Add " and byte by byte" to the end of the line "muscles bit by bit".

Append to the end of the file a new line which reads:

123456789 123456789

Using mark (^^ i.e. CTRL and ^) mark the whole of the first line of the file and then cut (^K) that line out. Move that line and paste it back in (^U) so that the line is now line 2 in the file. Edit afterwards to make sure there is not a blank line left at the start.